Nowadays, the Marvel Cinematic Universe may routinely top the box office, but one criticism that consistently pops up regarding Marvel Studios releases is their struggle to introduce compelling villains for heroes like Iron Man, Thor and the Guardians of the Galaxy to come up against. Yet, despite the fact that Tom Hiddleston’s Loki arguably remains the most complex and engaging baddie in the MCU, other films based on Marvel Comics have delivered their fair share of memorable villains. Here’s the five best to make big-screen appearances to date. For the record, we’re focusing on live-action theatrical films only and limiting the list to just one depiction of each character.

Deacon Frost (Stephen Dorff), Blade (1998)

In 1998, Blade marked the true birth of Marvel films, predating blockbusters like X-Men and Spider-Man and proving that these heroes could be adapted faithfully. It’s fitting then that Wesley Snipes’ day-walking vampire battled one of the most fun and interesting Marvel villains ever to hit the screen. As the power-hungry Deacon Frost, Stephen Dorff brought not only a sadistic glee to the role but also a bizarre sense of righteousness. In many ways, Frost’s tale is one of discrimination and injustice, as the pureblood vampires mistreat and degrade him simply because he was once a human. Of course, this complexity isn’t enough for viewers to forgive Frost’s actions — which ultimately lead him to resurrecting the power of La Magra the blood god — but it adds a layer of complexity that elevates the character from simply a disgruntled punk into a more multi-faceted creature.

Magneto (Ian McKellen), X-Men (2000)

The dynamic between the two figureheads of the X-Men universe — Professor Charles Xavier and Magneto — is often compared to that of Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. While Xavier holds to a peaceful co-existence between humanity and mutantkind, Magneto is convinced that the only way that his Brotherhood of Mutants will receive respect is to seize it for themselves by any means necessary. Although Michael Fassbender has done a stellar job bringing a younger version of the character to life in recent years, Ian McKellen’s wearier Magneto still edges him out, thanks to the actor’s effortless charisma and the character’s long history with Patrick Stewart’s Xavier. A survivor of the Holocaust, Magneto has plenty of justification in his feelings towards humanity, and even though his methods may be far too extreme, it’s difficult not to understand why he believes he’s doing the right thing for the mutant race.

Doctor Octopus (Alfred Molina), Spider-Man 2 (2004)

Perhaps more than most Marvel heroes, Spider-Man has quite the impressive rogues’ gallery of memorable villains under his belt. However, after five theatrical releases, the friendly neighborhood webslinger has yet to meet a villain that has topped Alfred Molina’s interpretation of Otto Octavius a.k.a Doctor Octopus. In the comics, the character stands as one of Spidey’s most formidable foes, and the film version lives up to that reputation, briefly painting Octavius as a sympathetic mentor figure to Tobey Maguire’s Peter Parker. Of course, that bonding occurs just before a terrible accident leaves Doc Ock with crime on his mind and four indestructible appendages fused to his spine. Molina nails the film’s tone perfectly in his wonderfully over-the-top performance, lending real humanity to the character when it’s called for and trading quips with his nemesis a moment later. The fact that Doc Ock appears in the best Spider-Man film to date doesn’t hurt, but he soars where most other villains in the franchise have faltered.

Loki (Tom Hiddleston), Thor (2011)

Of course, one of the greatest assets of the MCU makes our list. As the adopted brother of Thor, Loki has always felt out of place and unable to escape the shadow of his more revered sibling in the eyes of Asgardian king Odin. Over the course of his three film appearances in the MCU, Loki — as brilliantly brought to life by Tom Hiddleston - has tried time and again to secure a throne of his own, even inadvertently uniting the Avengers in an attempted invasion of Earth. Despite his evil machinations, Loki has always been portrayed as a character plagued by inner turmoil and a desperation to secure a sense of belonging and control over his fate. In lesser hands, the role could have devolved into a one-dimensional caricature, but what Hiddleston has done with it is nothing short of astounding. No wonder the actor has inspired a legion of fans all his own, solely through his work in the MCU.

The Winter Soldier (Sebastian Stan), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014)

While not nearly as charismatic as that Asgardian troublemaker, The Winter Soldier (Sebastian Stan) has quickly emerged among the more fascinating characters in the MCU. Once Steve Rogers’ childhood friend Bucky Barnes, he was captured by HYDRA and transformed into a mindless assassin with no memory of his previous life. When circumstances bring him up against Captain America, he very nearly slaughters Cap, Black Widow and Falcon in a series of intense confrontations befitting the deadly force of nature he’s become. Of course, once Cap learns of The Winter Soldier’s true identity, it sets off a chain reaction that will likely see Bucky regaining his memories and his willpower going forward. However, it’s very fortunate that the character’s allegiance may be changing since — as depicted in Captain America: The Winter Soldier - the chances of his imminent defeat were probably slimmer than our heroes would care to admit.

What’s your favorite movie villain based on Marvel Comics? Share your thoughts in the comments section below.